The Backyard Ultra World Championship 2024 is set to be a monumental event in the world of ultrarunning, attracting athletes from across the globe to test the limits of human endurance. This unique race format challenges participants to complete a 4.167-mile loop every hour until only one runner remains. The competition not only pushes physical boundaries but also demands mental fortitude and strategic planning. As the championship approaches, excitement builds among runners and spectators alike, eager to witness the unfolding drama of this grueling endurance test. Each year, the Backyard Ultra World Championship gains more popularity, drawing in elite ultrarunners and enthusiastic amateurs who are keen to push their limits. The event has evolved into a prestigious platform where endurance athletes can showcase their stamina, resilience, and tactical acumen. The 2024 edition promises to be bigger and better, with new challenges and an expanded field of competitors. As the world gears up for this epic showdown, fans and participants alike are eagerly anticipating the thrill and unpredictability that the Backyard Ultra World Championship is known for. Whether you're a seasoned ultra athlete or a newcomer eager to learn more about this fascinating event, our comprehensive guide will provide you with all the insights you need. From understanding the history and rules of the race to exploring the strategies that top runners employ, we'll delve deep into the world of ultrarunning. Join us on this journey to discover what makes the Backyard Ultra World Championship 2024 a must-watch event for endurance sports enthusiasts.
1. Introduction to the Backyard Ultra World Championship 1.1 What is the Backyard Ultra World Championship? 1.2 History of the Backyard Ultra Format 2. Rules and Format of the Championship 2.1 Understanding the Loop Structure 2.2 Breakdown of Hourly Rounds 3. The Venue for the 2024 Championship 3.1 Location and Environment 3.2 Course Layout and Terrain 4. Notable Participants and Contenders 4.1 Profiles of Top Competitors 4.2 Rising Stars to Watch 5. Training for the Backyard Ultra 5.1 Physical Preparation 5.2 Mental Strategies 6. Nutrition and Hydration for Ultra Runners 6.1 Essential Dietary Needs 6.2 Hydration Techniques 7. Strategies for Success 7.1 Pacing and Recovery 7.2 Psychological Resilience 8. Challenges Faced During the Championship 8.1 Physical and Mental Obstacles 8.2 Weather and Environmental Factors 9. Spectators and Support Crews 9.1 Role of Support Teams 9.2 Viewing Options for Fans 10. Impact of the Backyard Ultra Championship 10.1 On the Sport of Ultrarunning 10.2 Community and Global Reach 11. Stories from Past Championships 11.1 Memorable Moments 11.2 Inspirational Runner Stories 12. The Future of the Backyard Ultra 12.1 Evolution of the Race Format 12.2 Prospects for Upcoming Championships 13. Frequently Asked Questions 14. Conclusion
1. Introduction to the Backyard Ultra World Championship
1.1 What is the Backyard Ultra World Championship?
The Backyard Ultra World Championship is a unique endurance race that tests the limits of both professional and amateur ultrarunners. Unlike traditional ultramarathons, this event doesn't have a fixed distance. Instead, runners must complete a 4.167-mile loop every hour on the hour until only one person remains. The format continues indefinitely, making it as much a mental challenge as a physical one. The last person standing is declared the winner, having endured the longest in this grueling format.
This championship is part of the larger "Backyard Ultra" race series, which began as a grassroots event but has gained international acclaim over the years. It attracts participants from various backgrounds, each with their own motivations and strategies. The simplicity of the rules combined with the complexity of the challenge makes it a compelling event for both runners and spectators.
The Backyard Ultra World Championship is not just a race but a celebration of human endurance. It pushes athletes to explore their physical capabilities and mental resolve, often surpassing what they themselves believed possible. The event is a testament to the power of perseverance and the spirit of competition, drawing an ever-growing audience around the world.
1.2 History of the Backyard Ultra Format
The concept of the Backyard Ultra was pioneered by Gary "Lazarus Lake" Cantrell, the mastermind behind other legendary ultrarunning events. The idea was born out of a desire to create a race that leveled the playing field, where strategy and mental toughness could outweigh sheer speed. The first Backyard Ultra took place in Tennessee, USA, and quickly gained traction for its innovative format and the camaraderie it fostered among runners.
Over the years, the Backyard Ultra has evolved from a local event into a global phenomenon. Annual championships have been held, each witnessing incredible feats of endurance and sportsmanship. The race format has remained consistent, emphasizing the importance of pacing, recovery, and mental fortitude. As the event grew in popularity, more countries hosted their own versions, culminating in a world championship that brings together the best of the best.
The history of the Backyard Ultra is rich with stories of determination and triumph. From its humble beginnings to its current status as a premier endurance event, it has inspired countless runners to push beyond their limits and embrace the unpredictable nature of ultrarunning. The 2024 championship promises to add new chapters to this ongoing saga, with fresh challenges and inspiring performances on the horizon.
2. Rules and Format of the Championship
2.1 Understanding the Loop Structure
The defining feature of the Backyard Ultra World Championship is its loop structure. Each runner must complete a 4.167-mile loop every hour. This distance is chosen so that 24 loops equate to exactly 100 miles. The simplicity of the loop allows runners to focus on strategy without the complexities of route navigation.
Participants have a one-hour window to finish each loop, and any remaining time is spent resting, refueling, or strategizing for the next round. Once the next hour begins, runners must start the loop again, regardless of how much rest they have had. This cycle continues until only one runner is able to complete a loop within the time limit, thus being crowned the champion.
The loop format is designed to test both physical endurance and mental resilience. Runners must balance their pace to ensure they have enough energy for potentially dozens of hours of running, while also managing their rest periods effectively. The repetitive nature of the course can also present psychological challenges, as runners battle fatigue and the monotony of the loops.
2.2 Breakdown of Hourly Rounds
Each hourly round in the Backyard Ultra World Championship follows a set pattern. Runners start at the top of the hour, and the clock begins to tick. They have exactly 60 minutes to complete the 4.167-mile loop. As runners return to the starting point, they can rest until the next hour begins, at which point they must start the loop again.
The strategy for each round often involves careful time management. Faster runners may choose to complete the loop quickly to maximize rest time, while others may adopt a steady pace to conserve energy. As the hours pass, fatigue sets in, and the challenge becomes not only physical but also mental, as runners must maintain focus and motivation.
As the race progresses, the number of participants typically dwindles. The back-to-back nature of the rounds gradually eliminates runners who are unable to maintain the pace or who succumb to physical or mental exhaustion. The final rounds are often a battle of wills, with the last remaining runners pushing each other to their ultimate limits.
3. The Venue for the 2024 Championship
3.1 Location and Environment
The venue for the Backyard Ultra World Championship 2024 has been carefully selected to provide an ideal setting for this endurance challenge. Set in a picturesque location, the course offers a blend of natural beauty and technical terrain that will test the skills of even the most experienced ultrarunners. Participants can expect a mix of flat sections and gentle inclines, with the occasional obstacle to navigate.
The environment plays a crucial role in the dynamics of the race. Weather conditions can vary significantly, with temperatures and humidity levels affecting runners' performance. Participants must be prepared for potential changes in weather, including rain, wind, or heat, which can add an extra layer of complexity to the already demanding race.
In addition to the physical challenges posed by the environment, the venue provides an opportunity for spectators to immerse themselves in the ultrarunning experience. Fans can enjoy the scenic surroundings while supporting their favorite athletes, creating a vibrant and energetic atmosphere that adds to the excitement of the event.
3.2 Course Layout and Terrain
The course for the Backyard Ultra World Championship 2024 has been designed to offer a balanced mix of terrain that will challenge runners in various ways. The looped course includes sections of smooth trails, grassy fields, and occasional rocky paths, requiring participants to adapt their running style to different surfaces. The varied terrain keeps the race dynamic and engaging, with each lap presenting new challenges.
Runners will need to employ strategic footwork to navigate the course efficiently. Uphill sections demand strength and stamina, while downhill stretches require careful control to avoid injury. The course layout is intentionally designed to test the versatility and adaptability of the participants, ensuring that only the most well-rounded athletes can succeed.
As the race unfolds, the course becomes a familiar yet demanding companion for the runners. Each loop adds to the cumulative toll on their bodies, and the terrain itself becomes a factor in determining who has the endurance and mental toughness to persevere. The 2024 championship promises to offer a course that is both challenging and rewarding, providing a fitting stage for this epic test of endurance.
4. Notable Participants and Contenders
4.1 Profiles of Top Competitors
The Backyard Ultra World Championship 2024 will feature some of the world's most accomplished ultrarunners, each bringing their unique strengths and experiences to the race. Among the top competitors are seasoned veterans who have excelled in previous championships and other ultramarathon events. Their profiles reflect a deep commitment to the sport and an impressive track record of endurance feats.
Many of these elite athletes have garnered attention for their remarkable performances in past editions of the Backyard Ultra. Their ability to maintain focus and push through the physical and mental barriers has set them apart as true contenders for the title. These runners are not only skilled in pacing and strategy but also possess an indomitable spirit that drives them to succeed.
The championship will also see the participation of rising stars, young athletes who have shown exceptional promise in the ultrarunning community. These newcomers bring fresh energy and innovative approaches to the race, challenging the established norms and pushing the boundaries of what is possible. Their enthusiasm and determination make them exciting contenders to watch.
4.2 Rising Stars to Watch
In addition to the seasoned competitors, the Backyard Ultra World Championship 2024 will showcase a new generation of ultrarunners eager to make their mark on the global stage. These rising stars have been making waves in the ultrarunning circuit, with impressive performances in local and international races. Their potential and hunger for success position them as strong challengers in the championship.
These young athletes bring a fresh perspective to the race, often employing innovative strategies and training methods that set them apart from their peers. Their ability to adapt quickly to the demands of the race and their willingness to push beyond their comfort zones make them formidable opponents. As they gain experience and confidence, they continue to redefine the limits of endurance running.
The presence of these rising stars adds an element of unpredictability to the championship. Their performances can inspire and surprise, potentially altering the dynamics of the race and challenging the established hierarchy. As they compete alongside the elite, they have the opportunity to learn, grow, and ultimately emerge as the next generation of ultrarunning champions.
5. Training for the Backyard Ultra
5.1 Physical Preparation
Training for the Backyard Ultra World Championship requires a comprehensive approach that balances physical conditioning, mental resilience, and strategic planning. Runners must prepare their bodies to endure potentially dozens of hours of continuous running, which demands a high level of cardiovascular fitness, muscle endurance, and flexibility.
Physical preparation typically involves a combination of long-distance runs, interval training, strength exercises, and cross-training activities. Long runs help build endurance, while interval training enhances speed and stamina. Strength exercises focus on core stability, leg strength, and overall body conditioning, ensuring that runners can maintain form and efficiency throughout the race.
Cross-training activities, such as cycling, swimming, or yoga, provide a low-impact means of improving cardiovascular fitness and flexibility. These activities also help prevent overuse injuries by allowing runners to vary their training routine while maintaining a high level of fitness. A well-rounded training program is essential for preparing the body to handle the demands of the Backyard Ultra.
5.2 Mental Strategies
Mental preparation is equally important for success in the Backyard Ultra World Championship. The repetitive nature of the race and the potential for prolonged periods of running require runners to develop mental toughness and resilience. Strategies for mental preparation include visualization, mindfulness, and positive self-talk.
Visualization involves mentally rehearsing the race, imagining each loop, and anticipating potential challenges. This technique helps runners build confidence and develop a sense of familiarity with the course. Mindfulness practices, such as meditation or deep breathing exercises, help runners stay focused and calm under pressure, enabling them to manage stress and maintain composure.
Positive self-talk involves replacing negative thoughts with encouraging and motivating affirmations. This practice boosts confidence and helps runners maintain a positive mindset, even during difficult moments. Mental resilience is a key factor in enduring the physical and emotional challenges of the Backyard Ultra, and developing effective mental strategies can make a significant difference in performance.
6. Nutrition and Hydration for Ultra Runners
6.1 Essential Dietary Needs
Proper nutrition is crucial for ultrarunners competing in the Backyard Ultra World Championship. The demands of the race require a well-balanced diet that provides the necessary nutrients for sustained energy, recovery, and overall health. Runners must focus on consuming a variety of foods that meet their energy needs and support optimal performance.
A typical ultrarunner's diet includes a combination of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Carbohydrates serve as the primary energy source, providing fuel for long-distance running. Runners often consume complex carbohydrates, such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, to maintain steady energy levels throughout the race.
Proteins are essential for muscle repair and recovery, helping runners maintain strength and prevent fatigue. Lean protein sources, such as chicken, fish, eggs, and legumes, are commonly included in an ultrarunner's diet. Healthy fats, such as those found in nuts, seeds, and avocados, provide additional energy and support overall health.
6.2 Hydration Techniques
Hydration is a critical component of performance and recovery for ultrarunners. Maintaining adequate fluid levels helps regulate body temperature, transport nutrients, and prevent dehydration. Runners must develop a hydration strategy that considers factors such as climate, sweat rate, and individual hydration needs.
Before the race, runners typically focus on staying well-hydrated by drinking water and electrolyte-rich beverages. During the race, they continue to consume fluids at regular intervals, often using handheld bottles or hydration packs to carry water and sports drinks. Electrolyte supplements, such as salt tablets or electrolyte powders, help replenish lost minerals and prevent imbalances.
Monitoring hydration levels is essential, as both dehydration and overhydration can negatively impact performance. Runners often use strategies such as weighing themselves before and after runs or monitoring urine color to assess hydration status. Effective hydration techniques help runners maintain energy and focus, reducing the risk of cramps, fatigue, and heat-related issues.
7. Strategies for Success
7.1 Pacing and Recovery
Pacing is a critical strategy for success in the Backyard Ultra World Championship. Runners must find a balance between maintaining a competitive pace and conserving energy for the long haul. Effective pacing involves setting a sustainable rhythm that allows runners to complete each loop comfortably while minimizing fatigue.
Some runners adopt a steady, consistent pace throughout the race, while others may choose to vary their speed based on the terrain and their physical condition. Regardless of the approach, pacing requires careful attention to both internal cues, such as perceived exertion and heart rate, and external factors, such as weather and course conditions.
Recovery between loops is equally important. Runners use the time between rounds to rest, refuel, and address any physical discomfort. This period allows them to recharge mentally and physically, preparing them for the next loop. Effective recovery strategies may include stretching, massaging sore muscles, or taking short naps to restore energy.
7.2 Psychological Resilience
Psychological resilience is a key determinant of success in the Backyard Ultra World Championship. The race's unique format requires runners to endure extended periods of physical exertion and mental strain. Building psychological resilience involves developing coping mechanisms to manage stress, fatigue, and emotional fluctuations.
Runners often employ mental strategies such as goal-setting, positive visualization, and mindfulness practices to enhance their psychological resilience. Setting small, achievable goals for each loop or round helps maintain motivation and focus. Visualization techniques, such as imagining crossing the finish line, reinforce confidence and determination.
Mindfulness practices, such as deep breathing or meditation, help runners stay present and centered during the race. These techniques reduce anxiety and promote mental clarity, enabling runners to make strategic decisions and adapt to changing circumstances. Developing psychological resilience empowers runners to persevere through challenging moments and maintain a positive outlook.
8. Challenges Faced During the Championship
8.1 Physical and Mental Obstacles
The Backyard Ultra World Championship presents a range of physical and mental challenges that test the limits of endurance athletes. The repetitive nature of the race, combined with the cumulative toll of continuous running, creates a demanding environment that requires runners to overcome various obstacles.
Physical challenges include fatigue, muscle soreness, and potential injuries. The long hours of running place significant strain on the body, leading to cumulative fatigue and the risk of overuse injuries. Runners must carefully manage their physical condition through proper training, pacing, and recovery strategies to mitigate these challenges.
Mental obstacles include maintaining focus, motivation, and resilience throughout the race. The monotony of the loops and the uncertainty of the race length can create mental fatigue and stress. Runners often use mental strategies, such as visualization, positive self-talk, and goal-setting, to overcome these challenges and stay motivated.
8.2 Weather and Environmental Factors
Weather and environmental factors add an additional layer of complexity to the Backyard Ultra World Championship. The race takes place outdoors, exposing runners to varying weather conditions that can impact performance and comfort. Runners must be prepared to adapt to changes in temperature, humidity, and precipitation.
Weather conditions such as heat, cold, rain, or wind can affect runners' physical condition and mental state. High temperatures may lead to dehydration and heat-related issues, while cold weather can cause muscle stiffness and reduced performance. Rain and wind can create slippery or challenging terrain, requiring runners to adjust their strategy and footing.
Environmental factors, such as the course terrain and elevation changes, also influence the race dynamics. Runners must navigate a mix of surfaces, including trails, grass, and rocks, which can affect pacing and energy expenditure. Adapting to these environmental factors requires careful planning and attention to detail, helping runners optimize their performance and minimize risks.
9. Spectators and Support Crews
9.1 Role of Support Teams
Support teams play a crucial role in the success of runners competing in the Backyard Ultra World Championship. These teams provide logistical assistance, emotional encouragement, and strategic guidance throughout the race. Their presence helps runners maintain focus, motivation, and morale, enhancing their performance and overall experience.
Support teams typically include family members, friends, coaches, or fellow runners who assist with various tasks. They may help with preparing and organizing nutrition and hydration supplies, managing rest and recovery periods, and providing updates on race progress. Their insights and observations can inform pacing and strategy decisions, helping runners optimize their performance.
Emotional support is equally important, as support teams offer encouragement, motivation, and reassurance during challenging moments. Their presence helps runners overcome mental obstacles, maintain a positive mindset, and push through fatigue. The bond between runners and their support teams creates a sense of camaraderie and shared purpose, contributing to the overall success of the race.
9.2 Viewing Options for Fans
The Backyard Ultra World Championship offers various viewing options for fans eager to witness the excitement of this unique endurance race. Spectators can immerse themselves in the ultrarunning experience by attending the event in person or following the race through online platforms and social media channels.
For those attending in person, the race venue provides opportunities to watch runners complete loops and witness the determination and perseverance of the participants. Spectators can enjoy the scenic surroundings, cheer for their favorite athletes, and experience the vibrant atmosphere of the event. Many venues offer designated viewing areas, allowing fans to observe the action up close.
For fans unable to attend in person, online platforms and social media channels provide live updates, race coverage, and behind-the-scenes content. These platforms offer insights into the race dynamics, competitor profiles, and real-time developments, allowing fans to stay connected and engaged with the event. The combination of in-person and online viewing options ensures that fans from around the world can share in the excitement of the Backyard Ultra World Championship.
10. Impact of the Backyard Ultra Championship
10.1 On the Sport of Ultrarunning
The Backyard Ultra World Championship has significantly impacted the sport of ultrarunning, contributing to its growth and evolution. The unique format and global reach of the event have attracted new participants and fans, expanding the ultrarunning community and raising awareness of the sport's challenges and rewards.
The championship has inspired runners to explore new approaches to training, strategy, and competition. Athletes have embraced the mental and physical demands of the Backyard Ultra, pushing the boundaries of endurance and redefining what is possible. The event has also fostered a sense of camaraderie and sportsmanship, as runners support and learn from one another in pursuit of personal and collective goals.
The impact of the Backyard Ultra extends beyond the race itself, influencing the development of new ultrarunning events and formats. The success and popularity of the championship have inspired organizers to create similar races, offering runners more opportunities to test their limits and connect with the ultrarunning community. The Backyard Ultra has become a symbol of innovation and resilience, driving the continued growth and evolution of the sport.
10.2 Community and Global Reach
The Backyard Ultra World Championship has had a profound impact on the global ultrarunning community, fostering connections and collaborations across borders and cultures. The event brings together runners, organizers, and fans from around the world, creating a diverse and inclusive community united by a shared passion for endurance running.
The global reach of the championship has inspired individuals and communities to embrace the values of perseverance, resilience, and sportsmanship. Runners from different backgrounds and regions come together to share their experiences, insights, and stories, enriching the ultrarunning community and promoting mutual understanding and respect.
The impact of the Backyard Ultra extends beyond the race itself, as participants and fans engage in initiatives that promote health, wellness, and environmental stewardship. The event serves as a platform for raising awareness of important causes and issues, encouraging positive change and inspiring individuals to contribute to their communities and the world.
11. Stories from Past Championships
11.1 Memorable Moments
The Backyard Ultra World Championship has produced numerous memorable moments that capture the spirit and essence of ultrarunning. These moments reflect the determination, resilience, and camaraderie of the runners, as well as the excitement and unpredictability of the race.
One such moment occurred when a seasoned ultrarunner, known for their strategic prowess, pushed themselves to new heights, completing a record-breaking number of loops. Their performance demonstrated the power of mental fortitude and strategic planning, inspiring fellow runners and fans alike.
Another memorable moment involved a newcomer who defied expectations, challenging established competitors and earning a place among the top finishers. Their journey highlighted the potential of rising stars and showcased the dynamic nature of the championship, where anything is possible.
11.2 Inspirational Runner Stories
Inspirational stories from past Backyard Ultra World Championships serve as a testament to the resilience and determination of ultrarunners. These stories highlight the personal journeys and achievements of athletes who have overcome adversity and pushed beyond their limits.
One such story involves a runner who faced significant personal challenges, including injury and illness, yet persevered to complete an impressive number of loops. Their journey exemplified the power of perseverance and the importance of a positive mindset in overcoming obstacles.
Another inspiring story featured a runner who dedicated their performance to a meaningful cause, raising awareness and funds for a charitable organization. Their commitment to making a difference showcased the potential of ultrarunning to inspire positive change and contribute to important social and environmental initiatives.
12. The Future of the Backyard Ultra
12.1 Evolution of the Race Format
The Backyard Ultra World Championship is poised for continued growth and evolution, with the potential for new developments and innovations in the race format. Organizers and participants are constantly exploring ways to enhance the event, ensuring that it remains a dynamic and engaging challenge for ultrarunners.
Future editions of the championship may introduce new elements, such as alternative course designs, technological advancements, or expanded participation options. These innovations have the potential to enhance the race experience for runners and fans, offering new opportunities for engagement and interaction.
The evolution of the Backyard Ultra reflects the broader trends and developments in the sport of ultrarunning. As the championship continues to inspire and captivate audiences, it serves as a platform for exploring new possibilities and pushing the boundaries of endurance running.
12.2 Prospects for Upcoming Championships
The prospects for upcoming Backyard Ultra World Championships are promising, with exciting opportunities for growth, innovation, and community engagement. The continued popularity of the event and the increasing interest in ultrarunning suggest a bright future for the championship and its participants.
As the championship evolves, organizers and athletes will continue to explore new ways to enhance the event's impact and reach. This may include expanding the global footprint of the championship, increasing accessibility for participants, and fostering connections with the broader ultrarunning community.
The Backyard Ultra World Championship will remain a symbol of endurance, resilience, and camaraderie, inspiring runners and fans to embrace the challenges and rewards of ultrarunning. The future of the championship holds exciting possibilities, as it continues to captivate and motivate individuals around the world.
13. Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Backyard Ultra World Championship?
The Backyard Ultra World Championship is a unique endurance race where runners must complete a 4.167-mile loop every hour until only one runner remains. The last person standing is declared the champion.
How long does the Backyard Ultra World Championship last?
The duration of the Backyard Ultra World Championship is unpredictable, as it continues until only one runner is able to complete a loop. Previous championships have lasted over 60 hours, depending on the participants' endurance and strategies.
What are the key strategies for success in the Backyard Ultra?
Key strategies for success include effective pacing, proper nutrition and hydration, mental resilience, and strategic rest and recovery. Runners must balance physical endurance with mental toughness to perform well.
How can I follow the Backyard Ultra World Championship as a spectator?
Spectators can attend the event in person or follow it online through live updates, race coverage, and social media channels. These platforms offer insights into the race dynamics and allow fans to stay connected with the event.
What impact has the Backyard Ultra had on the sport of ultrarunning?
The Backyard Ultra has significantly impacted ultrarunning by popularizing the unique race format, inspiring new participants, and fostering a sense of community and sportsmanship. It has contributed to the growth and evolution of the sport.
Who are some notable participants in the Backyard Ultra World Championship?
The championship features a mix of seasoned veterans and rising stars in the ultrarunning community. Notable participants include elite athletes with impressive track records, as well as newcomers who have shown exceptional promise and potential.
14. Conclusion
The Backyard Ultra World Championship 2024 promises to be an extraordinary event that will push the boundaries of human endurance and resilience. As runners from around the world prepare to take on the challenge of this unique race format, the excitement and anticipation continue to build. With its rich history, diverse participants, and impactful community, the championship represents the spirit of ultrarunning at its finest. Whether you're a participant, spectator, or fan, the Backyard Ultra World Championship is an opportunity to witness and celebrate the remarkable achievements of endurance athletes. As the race unfolds, it will undoubtedly inspire and captivate all who follow its journey, leaving a lasting legacy in the world of ultrarunning.
